DR Congo and Rwanda sign peace deal

Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) formally signed a U.S.-brokered peace agreement on June 27, 2025, at the U.S. State Department, with Secretary of State Marco Rubio and senior U.S. officials present. The accord aims to halt a long-running conflict that has resulted in thousands of deaths and displaced hundreds of thousands of civilians this year.

According to the Washington Post, the conflict escalated in early 2025, with the M23 militia—allegedly supported by Rwanda—seizing key eastern cities, leading to widespread violence and humanitarian crises.

Some analysts express caution, noting that the agreement excludes M23 from negotiations, raising doubts about its capacity to end violence without rebel buy-in. Human rights advocates argue the deal lacks provisions on justice, reparations, and accountability for war crimes.

President Trump and Secretary Rubio framed the deal as a major diplomatic milestone, combining peace with access to the DRC’s strategic mineral reserves. The accord, named the “Washington Accord,” is part of a broader U.S. strategy linking conflict resolution with economic development.

Observers say implementation will be critical. Key challenges include troop de-escalation, rebel inclusion, securing investment while respecting local rights, and ensuring long-term accountability.